Marcus Antonius, commonly known as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who lived from 83 BCE to 30 BCE. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire and is best remembered for his alliance and romance with Cleopatra VII, the last queen of Egypt. Early Life and Rise to Power Mark Antony wa

Octavia the Younger (Latin: Octavia Minor or Octavia Julia, c. 69 BCE – 11 BCE) was a prominent Roman noblewoman during the late Roman Republic. She was the sister of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus (born Gaius Octavius), and was widely admired for her beauty, dignity, and loyalty. Family and Early Life Octavia was born around 69 BCE into a p

The Battle of Actium, fought on September 2, 31 BCE, was a pivotal naval engagement that marked the end of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. It was the climax of the power struggle between Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus) and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt. The Prelude to Battle After

Julian Humphrys is a respected British military historian, author, and broadcaster, known for his engaging work in bringing the dramatic stories of Britain’s military past to life. With a career rooted in a deep passion for history, Humphrys has contributed significantly to both academic and popular understandings of military conflicts, especiall